Apparatus and method for installing pipe



Feb. 27, 1934. c. GILMAN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING PIPE Filed Oct. 24. 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb. 27, 1934. c. GILMAN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING PIPE Filed 001'.. 24, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet Cafes @4Z/'man y M @wwwa Feb. 27, 1934. c. GILMAN APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING PIPE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed 001'.. 24. 1932 l MMIV Feb. 27, 1934. c. GlLMAN 1,948,707

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING PIPE I Filed Oct. 24. 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 SMN f m J, 0 NN@ w @oww NNN NMNNMN @QN NNN NWN J QN @WN Y W m C am M llul i. ,J n n QNNM @N A n JINHWWM.; A QWNNMN mwN Patented Petra-1,1934 n i, 1,943,707

.UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,948,707 APPARATUS AND FOR INSTALLIN G Charles Gihnan, Plainfield, NIJ., assigner to Massey Concrete Products Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Virginia Application October 24, 1932. Serial No. 639,286

16` Claims. (Cl. 6185) The present invention relates to apparatus and experienced in 4maintaining the pipe on the semethods for installing concrete pipe and the like, lected line and grade. and-is particularly concerned with the installa- Another object of the invention is the provition of concrete pipe for culverts and sewers. sion of an improved guide shoe for use in guiding 5 It should be understood,- however, that the inventhe pipe and progressively affecting or changing 00 tion is of general application and applicable to the direction of movement of the end of the pipe all kinds of pipe, and it may also be used for in order to maintain the line and/or grade of installing other similar structures. V the pipe or to bring the pipe backto the proper When culvert and sewer pipes are installed in line and grade. l roads or under railroad tracks by the usual meth'- Another object of the invention is the pro- 05 od of trenching, there is considerable interference vision of an improved apparatus for concrete with the operation of the road or track, and the pipe installation which is peculiarly adapted to trench method leaves a soft spot where the earth be used Where the material in which the pipe is is refilled into the trench, and such soft spots installed is in a flowing condition, to prevent the l require frequent maintenance.` Where a tunnelmaterial from flowing into the end of the pipe 70 ing method is used, it is necessary to support the faster than it can be removed.

track with piles and timbers, and this is very Another object is the provision of an improved. expensive. Furthermore, objection is made to tubular member adapted to be used in the installeaving the old timbers, necessary to support the J lation of concrete pipe or the like, for cutting or work, to rotinplace, and the back filling between forming an aperture at a predetermined line 75 the pipe and the timbers may not be carefully and grade at which the pipe is to be installed. compacted, both of which might cause settlement Another object of the invention is the provi-y and subsequent disturbance to the track. sion of an improved apparatus by means of which `All of the foregoing disadvantages may be elima plurality of lengths of pipe, each of which may inated by the installation of the pipe for culvert consist of several sections, may be successively 80 or sewer by jacking or otherwise forcing the pipe forced after each other in step-by-step relation, through the earth underneath the road orrailso that the total length of pipe forced into posi road track, the earth being excavated from the tion by any jacking Operation Deed IlOt be SO inside of the pipe at the forward edge of the 1011 aS t0 CallSe any 'dCl11ty. pipe Another object of the invention is the pro- 35 One of the objects of the present invention is vision of an improved method of the installation the provision of an improved method and appaof concrete pipe which is peculiarly applicable -ratus for installing and/or guiding concrete pipe t0 the installation 0f @Specially 1011 SeWeI DDES or the like without the necessity for trenching or or culverts, so that it is not necessary to' jack or utiuzing timbers to support the earth during the move the entire length of pipe at once. 9 excavation of the hole for the pipe. Other objects and advantages of the invention During the yinsl,3113131015), 0f pipe, such as c011- Wlll be apparent lOm the OllOWlIlg deSCriptOll crete pipe, according to the present method, there and the accompanying drawings, in Which Similar is often a tendency for the pipe to get out of characters of reference indicate similar parts alignment. The weight of the pipe and the charthroughout Jhe Several VieWS. acter of the material in which the excavation is Referring to the drawings, of which there are made affect the alignment of the pipe. For infour sheets, stance, the weight tends to cause the forward Figure 1 is a vertical sectional-view showing end of the pipe to go down, and the drop of the a complete system for the installation of relatively forward end of the pipe is apt to be greater in long culverts in a flowing material, such as sand, soft materials, such as soft clay. The alignment the section being taken on a plane lying in the of the pipe is also affected by unequal application axis of the pipe, with certain parts in elevation. of force to the pipe by the jacks, by the tendency Fig. 2 is an end elevational view of the adof the workmen to dig too deep on one side or vancing end of the aperture-forming apparatus the other of the pipe, generally the lower side, or tube adapted to be used in flowing material, and by the presence of obstructions. taken on the plane of the line 2--2 of Fig. 1, with Another object of the invention is the provithe ll removed. sion of an improved method and apparatus which Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the ad- 55 are adapted to eliminate the difficulty otherwise vancing end of the tube and adjacent pipe, taken no on the plane of the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, looking. in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of one of the guide shoes carried by the tube of Fig. 3 and the adjacent stabilizer, which is adapted to prevent the tube or shield from rotating.

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on the plane of the line 5 5 of Fig. 4, showing the construction of the bracket for engaging the adjustment bolt on the guide shoe.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 3 of another form of pipe shield adapted to guide and form the aperture for the advancing pipe.

Fig. 7 is an end view of a modified form of shield in which the sloping baffle is eliminated and the shield is provided with a plurality of shelves and stop boards.

Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional View taken on the plane of the line 8-8 of Fig. 7, with the addition of the concrete pipe, jacks, and jacking heads.

Fig. 9 is an elevational view in partial section, the section being taken on a vertical plane passing through the axis'of the pipe, showing a modification which is adapted to eliminate difficulties .caused by tilting of the shield and also to prevent y the settling of the fll into the clearance which is provided about the concrete pipe by means of the digging operation or by the use of a larger shield.

Fig. 10 is a transverse vertical sectional view taken on the plane of the line 10-10 of Fig. 9, looking in the direction of the arrow; and

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on a vertical plane through the upper part of the shield and concrete pipe.

Referring to Fig. 1, 10 indicates in its entirety the embankment, ll or roadway under which it is desired to install the culvert or sewer pipe, comprising a plurality of sections 11-17. The pipes 11-17 comprise reinforced concrete pipe which arepreferably large enough to permit a man to Work inside the pipe Without discomfort. Experience shows that it is cheaper and more convenient to install a larger pipe according to the present method, as the time saved will often offset the difference in price.

The concrete pipe is admirably suited for installation by the application of force with a jack or otherwise by reason of its high compressive strength. The pipe is preferably provided with a relatively smooth exterior surface 18 to offer the least frictional resistance, and while the cross sectional shape of the pipe may be of any suitable configuration, the pipe is preferably substantially cylindrical.

The pipe is also preferably of the tongue and groove type, the tongue being shown at 19 and the groove at the opposite end 20 of each section. The tongue and groove serve to provide a tighter joint and also to maintain the successive sections of pipe in alignment with each other during installation and after the pipe has been installed. The joints are preferably grouted at 19, 20 when the pipe is put together. The installation is preferably completed as soon as possible so that when the grout sets, a water-tight joint will be provided. However, in some embodiments of the invention where a water-tight joint is not essential, the grout may be omitted.

The groove end of the pipe is preferably utilized for the forward or advancing end of the pipe for the reason that the outer surface of the groove end of the pipe is substantially smooth, presenting no shoulder which might retard the entrance of the pipe. The shoulder in the groove 20 on the inside of the pipe presents no obstruction since excavation is carried on from the inside of the pipe.

It is necessary to provide a resisting surface against which the jacks may react, and therefore if a shaft or bank of earth is not available, a timber dead man must be constructed to take the load. In the embodiment shown in Fig. l, the load is taken by a timber dead man 21 which engages the bank 22. The hole 23 which is dug adjacent the ll 10 is of sufcient size to accommodate the necessary apparatus and to leave adequate room for the workmen. It may be provided with a concrete foundation 24 within which are embedded a plurality of transverse timbers 25. lThe transverse timbers 25 support a plurality of longitudinally extending timbers 26 which are disposed on the arc of a circle in such a manner as to engage and guide the bottom of the concrete pipe 11. 'I'he longitudinally extending timbers 26 determine the grade and line of the pipe, their angle with respect to the horizontal determining the grade and the direction in which they extend determining the line.

Thus, the longitudinally extending timbers 26 are adapted to serve as guides for slidably engaging the pipe and starting it in the proper direction with regard to the selected line and grade.

In starting a concrete pipe it is sufiicient to use one jack against the bottom of the pipe, preferably with a plurality of timbers interposed between the tongue end of/the pipe and the jack 27 to distribute the load over a larger area at the end Iof the pipe. The application of the jack to the lower partof the pipe tends to maintain the grade and direction better than if it were applied at any other point, since the application of force at the lower end of the pipe tends to raise the advancing end and counteract the tendency toward the dropping of the advancing end. As the work progresses, other jacks are added, being preferably symmetrically located with rcspect to the circumference of the pipe, and when a predetermined amount of resistance is encountered it is necessary or desirable to use a timber jacking head 28.

The jacking head 28 is provided with a centrally located aperture 29 through which the material may be removed from the pipe 11 as the excavation progresses. The jacks 27 may consist of any suitable type of force multiplying mechanism adapted to provide a sufficient thrust against the end of the pipe. Both screw jacks and hydraulic jacks have been found to give satisfactory service, but the jacks are preferably of a type which can be released quickly so as to save time in their manipulation, since the jacks must be brought back to initial position whenever another section of pipe is inserted between the jacking head 28 and the pipe already installed. Of course the range of movement of the jack should be suiiicient to force a full length of pipe 11 into place without necessity for changing the blocking between the jack and the pipe, as otherwise a great dealof time may be lost in manipulating the jacks and blocking.

The jacks are preferably continuously operated While the excavation progresses at the same time, but the jacking and excavation may proceed alternately, provided the excavation does not proceed too far in advance of the jacking operation. Experience indicates that it is not advisable to excavate more than six inches ahead of the pipe, especially if the material is loose sand or material which will iiow. If the material of the ll 10 is such that the material will arch, it is well to excavate the hole ahead of the pipe about one inch larger in diameter than the pipe to reduce the friction on the pipe. The best results are secured in a long culvert and in noncompressive material like sand or coarse gravel by operating continuously and maintaining pressure on the line so that the ysurrounding material will not pack excessively around the pipe.

The installation shown in Fig. 1 includes a number of features which are peculiarly adapted to effect the installation of pipe in particularly long culverts. The resistance to the installation of the pipe by means of the jacks 27 increases greatly as the number of sections of pipe are increased. Eventually the resistance may become so great that the force necessary will exceed the compressive strength of the last section 11, in which case no further advance would be possible, or the resistance may become so great that the pipe can be forced no further by means of the available jacks.

The installation of Fig. 1 preferably includes a tubular shield 30 which is adapted topermit a number of pipe sections to be handled as a unit. Each unit, comprising a number of pipe sections, may then be jacked separately and the succeeding culvert units, comprising one or more pipe sections, maybe made to follow. During this operation the shield 30 prevents the fill from flowing in between the gap 31. The installation is preferably provided with a set of jacks 32 for each culvert unit so that the compressive strain on the pipe sections 11-17 need not exceed a predetermined amount.

For example, the two pipes 11 and 12 in Fig. 1 may comprise one culvert unit B. The pipes 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 may comprise another culvert unit A. The culvert unit B need not be used until there is such a number of sections in the unit A that it has become undesirable to further increase the resistance encountered in the jacking operation.

The shield 30 preferably comprises a cylindrical metal member of suitable size to t on the outside of the pipe 13 and to slidably receive within it the end of the pipe 12. The length of the shield 30 is such that it will permit the full advance of the section A by means of the jacks 32 without permitting the shield 30 to be entirely withdrawn oif the concrete pipe 12.

Shield 30 is secured to pipe 13 by a plurality of screw bolts 33 which pass through the shield and through appropriate apertures in the concrete pipe 13. In order to provide for the application of the jacks 32 to the culvert unit A, the bolts 33 also preferably support brackets 34. Each of the brackets is preferably provided with an attaching flange 35 and a vertically extending flange 36 for engaging the jack. Flange 36 `may be provided with a horizontally extending "supporting flange 37 adapted to hold the jack in position on the bracket. In a similar manner the pipe 12 is provided with a jack bracket 34 for engaging the opposite end of the jack. In order that the thrust of the jacks may not be placed upon the bolts 33, I prefer to utilize an auxiliary member 38 comprising a tube tting insidethe pipe 12 or pipe 13, and provided with a radially extending fiange 39 for engaging the end of the pipe. The 'f thrust of the jacks is transmitted from the bolts 33 to the flange 39 and thence directly to the end of the pipe, instead of being taken by the concrete surrounding the bolts 33. The operation of the jacks 32 in the entire system will be later described in greater detail.

Each jack 32 reacts against the pipe 12 and is adapted to force forward the pipes A13--17. Pipe 12 is of course supported by pipe 1l, jack 27 and dead* man 2l. When the jacks 32 are released or removed, then the jack 27 may be actuated to .cause the pipes 11 and 12 to follow the pipe 13, the pipe 12 slidably engaging inside the shield 30. It will thus be observed that the lengths of culvert may be jacked into place as a number of separate units, each consisting of a plurality of pipes, but no unit includes so many pipes as to render the resistance excessive. The resistance to the movement of the pipe is of course caused by the frlctional engagement of the fill on the outside of the pipe.

Referring again to Fig. l, the installation may also be provided with a cutting shield 40 adapted to be used on the advancing end of the pipe for cutting the aperture into which the pipe is to be moved and for guiding the pipe in a predetermined direction. 'Ihe cutting shield 40 preferably comprises a tubular metal pipe of steel or the like which is slightly larger than the concrete pipe 17. That is, the diameter of the cutting shield 40 may be several inches greater than the outer diameter of the concrete pipe. is thus adapted to form a cylindrical bore which is slightly greater than the concrete pipe. This makes for a greater degree of looseness about the pipe, permitting the pipe to be forced into place with greater facility. The advancing pipe section 17 rests on the inside bottom of the tubular cutting shield 40, as shown in Fig. 3, and slidably engages the adjacent parts of the metal shield. The length of the shield is such that ii may be forced ahead of the pipe 17 by means of jacks 41 and then the pipes 13-17 may be made to follow the cutting shield by means of the jacks 32 or the jacks 27. It should be understood, of course, that the cutting shield 40 may be employed with the telescoping shield 30, as shown in Fig. l, or either of these features may be employed without the other.

In order to provide for the advancing movement of the cutting shield 40 by means of jacks 4l, the shield is preferably provided with a plurality of angle irons 42 which are bent to cylindrical form and riveted or welded in spaced relation to each.other to the inside of the tube 40. A plurality of vertically extending I-beams 43 are located in between the radially extending flanges 44 of the angle irons 42. The I-beams 43 may be secured to the angle irons 42 by riveting, welding or other convenient fastening means, and they are preferably sufliciently spaced so as to permit a workman to pass between them if necessary. A jacking head 45 consisting of one or more timbers is preferably interposed between the jacks 41 and the I-beams 43, and a similar jacking head 46 may be interposed between the other ends of the jacks 41 and the end of concrete pipe 17. Small angle irons 47, carried by the jacking heads 45, 46, may be utilized to hold the jack in place while the jack is being applied, ard to prevent it from slipping out of place while the force is applied.

The features so far described may be utilized separate and apart from any of the other features disclosed in the cutting shield 40. The jacks4l may be utilized to force the cutting shield 40 into place in the earth fill 10. When the shield 40 has advanced a distance which is The shield equal to the stroke of the jacks 41, then the pipe 17 may be slid into place inside the shield 40 by hand at the beginning or later by means of the jacks 27. The shield 40 is better adapted to effect a cutting action than the end of the pipe because of its lesser thickness and sharper cutting edge. Furthermore, it is adapted to form a larger aperture than the pipe, which facilitates the jacking of the pipe after the shield. The cutting shield also enables the operator to work separately to overcome the cutting resistance at the advancing end of the pipe and to overcome the sliding resistance acting upon the side of the pipe. Thus the shield facilitates the installation of pipe with less labor and in a shorter time, and in some cases permits the installation of pipe where it could not otherwise be installed.

Where the concrete pipe isA to be installed in flowing material, such as sand, the material is apt to run into the shield in such a manner as to interfere with the jacking operation used for advancing the sh'eld. Under these conditions the cutting shield 40 is preferably provided with a flat baflle or shield 48. The plate 48 is adapted to prevent the flow of the material into the tube 40 except through a relatively small aperture 49 at the bottom. For this purpose the tube 40 may be provided with a plurality of angle brackets 50. each having an attaching flange for engaging the tube and for engaging the plate 48, and the flanges beng welded or riveted in place upon the tube 40. The plate 48 is preferably attached to the brackets by means of screw bolts 51 which pass through the brackets 50 and are threaded into the plate 48 so as to facilitate the removal of the plate 48 from the rear side, should it ever be necessary. The plate 48 also preferably consists of a pair of sections 52, 53, as it would be otherwise impossible to secure an accurate flt in the tube 4l) or to provide for the convenient removal of the plate 48. Each of the sect'ons 52, 53 is substantially the same in shape, and the complete plate or shield 48 preferably extends below the horizontal diameter of the tube 40.

The tube 40 is also preferably provided with a horizontally extending shelf 54, located at the lower side of the aperture 49 and further preventing the material of the illl from flowing into the tube around the lower jack 4l. Shelf 54 is secured to I-beams 43 by an angle iron 55 and screw bolts 56, and the shelf is also supported by forwardly extending angle irons 57 whch are riveted or welded to the sides of the tube. The natural angle of repose of the flll or sand is such that the sand will not flow underneath the plate 54 beyond the angle irons 44 or jacking head 45. In a similar manner, the shield 48 prevents the fill of sand or other flowing material in the tube 4) from flowing in upon the jacks 4l. The earth is caught upon the shelf 54 and removed as the jacking proceeds. If desired, the earth may also be removed from below the plate 54 by .inserting shovels below the angle iron 55 and above the jacking head 45. In stable materials the shelf 54 and shield 4B would be removed.

The cutting tube 40 is preferably provided at its advancing end with a reinforcing metallic ring of steel or the like which may be welded to the inside of the tube 40. A metal cutting r'ng 58 may be disposed slightly in the rear of the forward edge of the tube 40 and the corner 59 formed between the band 58 and the tube 40 may be filled with the weld. The forward end of the band and tube may then be finished off to present a sharp edge, if desired, but in many cases the edge presented by the welded end will be sufficiently sharp.

In order to guide the tube 40 along the selected line and/or grade, it is preferably provided with one or more guide shoes 60. The guide shoes may be located upon each of the four sides of the tube, diametrically opposite each other, as shown in Fig. 2, for the purpose of effecting a guiding action upon any side. In other embodiments of the invention the guide shoe may be employed only upon the side which requires guiding, that is, the side toward which the pipe has been tending to move out of line. Each of the guide shoes 60 comprises a metal plate, such as a steel plate 61, which is pivotally mounted on the outside of the metal pipe 40 by means of a hinge 62. The guide shoe 60 is intended to have its plate disposed at an angle to the direction of movement of the pipe 40 and the outer surface 63 of the guide shoe forms a camming surface which engages the earth or nll and produces a component of force which is at right angles to the direction of longitudinal movement. This right angle component tends to guide the p'pe back into the right direction if it is already out of alignment, or it tends to maintain the direction if there is a tendency toward misalignment. The principal point of use for the guide shoe is the bottom of the pipe, for the reason that the advancing end of the pipe tends to drop due to the weight of the pipe or shield. The plate 6l would be forced up against the side of the metal tube 40 by the earth were it not for the adjustment screw bolt 64, which is located in a threaded bore in the tubular member 40 and ring 58. The screw bolt 64 is preferably' provided with a head 66 at its lower end, having a curved or partially ballshaped engaging surface 67. The shank 68 between the head and the body of the bolt 64 is of lesser diameter, forming an annular shoulder 69 on the rear side of the head. The ball-shaped surface 67 engages the plate 6l and forces the plate downward or holds the plate in predetermined position, depending upon the adjustment of the bolt 64.

The plate 6l is preferably provided with a pair of spaced angle irons 70, 71, each of which has an attaching flange 72 secured to the plate by rivets, Welding or the like, and each of which has a parallel flange 73 extending toward the bolt. Between the flanges 73 there is a slot for receiving the shank 68 so that the head 66 may engage below the flanges 73 and draw the plate toward the metal pipe 40. The adjustment bolt 64 is thus adapted to maintain the plate in predetermined angular position and prevent rotation of the plate in either direction.

The prevention of the rotation of the pipe 40 becomes of importance whenever the shield 48 is employed in order that the shield may be kept in proper position to prevent the inward flow of the material. The pipe 40 may be provided with a stabilizer or fln 74, shown in Fig. 4. A pair of angle irons 75 are carried by the pipe- 40, having inwardly projecting flanges 76 arranged in spaced relation to each other. The flanges 76 are spaced sufficiently to slidably and pivotally receive the stabilizer plate 77, which is pivotally mount-ed on flanges 76 by bolts 78 passing through flanges 76 and plate 77. The plate 77 is provided with a plurality of apertures 79 located on the arc of a circle taken with the bolt 78 as a center, and flanges 76 are provided with apertures 80 located on the arc of the same circle and adapted to register with the aperture 79. A 'transverse bolt 81 may be utilized in any of the apertures 79, to hold the stabilizer plate in any of a plurality of predetermined positions. The plate may therefore be entirely withdrawn into the pipe or it may be removed to the dotted line position of Fig. 4, or entirely projected as shown in Fig. 4.

The stabilizer plate 77 acts like a n, cutting through theI material of the ll and not substantially impeding the progress of the pipe in a forward direction but preventing the pipe from rotating due to the lateral pressure produced on the sides of the plate 77 when there is any rotation.

Referring to Fig. 6, this is a modification, any of the features of which may be employed in the devices previously-disclosed. In this modification the concrete pipe 82 is preferably provided with a transverse metal pipe 83 having a threaded fitting 84 and having a nut 85. The pipe, nut and fitting may be cast in the side of the concrete pipe 82, thereby providing a transverse aperture having an inwardly threaded end on the inside for the purpose of attachment of lubricating apparatus. In the event it appears desirable during the progress of the installation of the pipe, pressure lubricating apparatus may be attached to the fitting 84 and lubricant may be forced through the pipe 83 to the outside of the pipe. The lubricant is preferablyliquidinA form' and the fitting preferably placed on the top of the pipe so that lubricant will flowdown around the concrete pipe and will be wiped along all parts of the pipe as the pipe progresses. Lubricant may also be resorted to whenever the pipe happens to become stuck during the process of jacking it into place.

'The modification of Fig. 6 also comprises a cutting ring 86 having a substantially cylindrical body 87 with a tapered ring 88 for fitting in the bell of the pipev 82 and a cylindrical ring 89 for fitting inside the pipe 82. Of course the parts 88 and 89 of the cutting ring 86 or tubular member 40 and/or the pipe 82 are provided with appropriate slots to pass the stabilizer 77. The cutting ring` 86 might be made in one piece but is preferably constructed of three separate parts riveted together atthe flangesi90, 91, and the flanges 90, 91 provide bearingl surfaces on the end surfaces of the pipe 82. The cutting ring may be secured to the pipe by lbolts 92 passing through the pipe and ring, and the cutting ring may be provided with the guide shoes 60 and stabilizer 74.

Referring to Figs. 7 and 8, these are illustrations of a more simple modification, which may be preferred to the other types of shields previously described. In this embodiment the same reference characters have been applied to similar parts. y,

The shield 95 is adapted to be forced ahead of the concrete pipe 17 by the jacks 41 which engage -the jacking heads 45, 46. This shield is preferably provided with a stabilizer comprising a metal plate 96 pivotally supported in a slot 97 in the pipe 95 by means of a pair of angle irons 98-99 and bolt 100. The bolt 101 secures the stabilizer in a predetermined adjusted position.

In this embodiment the advancing end ofthe shield or pipe 95 is provided with a framework 102 comprising a cutting ring 103 and a pair of angle iron rings 104; 105.. The angle iron rings 104, 105 have secured to their anges by rivets, welding or other fastening means a pair of vertical I-beams 106, 107 serving to take the thrust which is placed upon the packing head. The rings 103, 104 are also preferably adapted to support a plurality of angle irons 10'8-110, 'each used in front of the upper part of the pipe, en- I gaging the boards 112-113, or any number of stop boards 115 may be located in backof the vshelves and in front of the vertical I-beams y The cutting ring preferably supports relatively wide cylindrically curved guide shoes 116--119 by means of the angle irons 120, to which they are pivotally attached by rivets. 'I'he angle irons 1'04 are provided with threaded bores for receiving the adjustment screws 121, which are preferably relatively long so as to project above the dirt or fill which might accumulate' in the bottom of the pipe. The sc'rew bolts 121 project through apertures in the pipe 95 and engage between brackets on the guide shoes 116-119, as shown in Fig. 5. y i

y It will thus be observed that guide shoes of this type may be made with a much larger area, and they are thus adapted to more effectively guide the pipe or`shield, and even to bring the pipe back to proper position by adjustment of the screw bolts when the shield is at rest.

The framework, comprising the I-beams, angle iron rings, shelf supports and shoes, may comprise a unit which is adapted to be slid into they end of the pipe and then provided with adjustment screws. The framework may be 'secured in the pipe by riveting, welding, or any convenient fastening devices.

It'will thus be observed that I have invented an improved apparatus for the installation of concrete pipe by means of which longer culverts, sewers or the like may be installed with a lesser amount of labor. The pipe may be provided with a cutting ring and guiding apparatus of the type disclosed in Fig. 6, or the same features may be employed upon a cuttingtube of the type shown in Fig. 1, whichy is adapted to be advanced separately by means of jacks 41 to accomplish the cutting of the bore separateY from the placing of the pipe. The culvert may vbe placed in the form of a -unit comprising a plurality of sections of Vpipe which may be jacked into place, and this may be followed up by one or more auxiliary units actuated by separate jacks, as shown in Fig. 1.

There is much less possibility of the pipe getting stuck in the process of installation when the apparatus constructed accordingto the present invention is utilized, and the present system or method enables the installation of pipe with less labor, particularly onlong culverts.

The apparatus described is also of particular n advantage where the material in which the pipe is to be installed is of a type adapted to flow, and provision is made in the present apparatus to maintain the desired line and grade or to correct the line and/or grade during the progress of installation.

Referring to Figs. 9, 10 and 11, these are illustrations of modifications which are peculiarlyv adapted to eliminate the difficulties which have been encountered in the jacking of the concrete pipe by means of cutting shields of the type del scribed herein.

In the first place, it is desirable to provide a suitable amount of clearance between the shield and the pipe where a shield is used at the advancing end of the pipe to cut the bore which is intended to receive the pipe. Sometimes, however, the shield gets out of line and produces pressure on the pipe, which may cause the bell end of the pipe to crush on the sides. While this action of the shield might be diminished by greater clearance, still it is desirable to keep the size of the hole in the fill as close as possible to the size of the concrete pipe on account of the possibility that there may be settling of the earth to ll up that space between thev concrete pipe and the earth which is caused by using a shield of larger diameter than the pipe. It is evident, therefore, that it is desirable to make the shield as small as possible and still to provide a suitable clearance between the shield and the pipe.

- Referring to Fig. 9, this,is a modification in which the cutting shield 122 may have its external diameter substantially equal to that of the concrete pipe to be installed. The advancing end of the rst section of concrete pipe 123 may be provided with a part 124 of smaller diameter over a distance of about 270 degrees more or less of the circumference .of the pipe; that is, referring to Fig. 10, the external surface of the pipe may be provided with longitudinally extending shoulders 125 at an angle of 270 degrees more or less to each other with respect to the circumference of the pipe, and that portion of the periphery of the pipe indicated by the numeral 124 may be of smaller diameter, differing from the diameter of the pipe at the point 126 by the depth of the shoulder 125.

The space 127 between the pipe and the portion 144 is utilized for the clearance between the first pipe and the cutting shield 122. The concrete pipe which follows the first concrete section 123 may all be of uniform thickness, and may be made substantially heavier than that used according to the description of the other embodiments.

The shield 122 may then be made of substantially the same size as the external surface of the concrete pipe 128, thereby leaving little or no space between the pipe and the adjacent earth after the pipe has been installed, and eliminating, so far as possible, the tendency toward settlement of the earth about the concrete pipe installation.

The cutting shield 122 has been illustrated in its simplest form, including the shelves 111, 112, angle iron ring 104, angle irons 108, 109, jacking head 45, and jacks 41. However, it should be understood that any of the features described in any of the previous embodiments may also be applied to the modification shown in Figs. 9 to 11.

In order to prevent the earth from dropping in the space 127 between the end of the cutting shield 122 and the annular shoulder 1'29, it is preferred to provide a metal hood 130 extending from the thick part of the pipe section 123 over the end of the cutting shield 122. The metal hood 130 may consist of a complete ring of metal or a part of a ring comprising a band extending over more than 270 degrees 0f the periphery of the pipe section 123 and covering the open space 127. The hood 130 may be bolted to the first pipe section 123 by a plurality of bolts 131 passing through the hood and through appropriate apertures in the concrete pipe. There is, of course, suflcient clearance between the shield 122 and concrete pipe to permit sliding movement of the shield under the hood 130.

The width of the hood is, of course, sufficient to cover the space between the shield and the concrete pipe section 123, and should be made wide enough to take care of the maximum movement desired in the use of the jacks 41.

In order to reduce the sliding friction of the earth or fill on the sides of the pipe, it is desirable to excavate from the inside of the shield or pipe sufhciently to make a hole slightly larger than the concrete pipe or the shield; that is, the diameter of the hole may be slightly greater. On the other hand, the larger the hole is made, the greater possibility there is of settling, and the following method may be utilized to permit greater ease in jacking and positively preventing settling, and also making a stronger installation.

The excavation may be continued around the edge of the pipe to a larger diameter than the shield or the pipe by several inches or to an amount which is desirable to reduce the friction. After the concrete pipe has been installed, the pipe having previously been provided with threaded metal fittings 133 embedded in the wall of the pipe, is secured at each end by embedded threaded members 134, 135, the latter of which is also internally threaded, and these fittings may be used to fill the space around the concrete pipe with concrete.

Appropriate pressure pumps or pressure devices, provided with a hose and suitable connections, may be attached to the fitting 133, and a wet mixture of concrete or grout may be forced through the fitting 133 into the space around the concrete pipe. The fittings 133 may be located at the top of the pipe so that concrete will flow down around all sides, or they may be located at equally spaced points about the periphery of the pipe so as to enable the operators to ll all of the space around the pipe with a wet concrete or grout.

The cementitious lling about the pipe may be injected under pressure so as to penetrate into the adjacent rock and/or gravel or fi'll, and increase the thickness of the concrete pipe wall, as well as to prevent any settlement of the fill into the space between the concrete pipe and the earth.

The fittings can also be used for the injection of lubricating material to facilitate the easier installation of the pipe, and one form of lubricating material might consist of a liquid clay mixture which would not only lubricate parts and preventing the tendency to crack which is caused by slight variations in the alignment. The lack of close fit between the tongue and groove ends of the pipes on account of this shape would be immaterial in most cases, or could be kil..

fil

taken care of bythe cementitious material which is forced in around the outside of the pipe.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodiment of my invention, many modifications may bey made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of all changes within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. A method of installing pipe which comprises forcing'a plurality of cylindrical pipes longitudinally into an embankment, excavating from said embankment from the inside of said pipes, forcing another unit consisting of pipe to follow said first mentioned pipes step by step, and shielding the space between successive pipe units during the time there is a gap between the pipes.

2. A concrete pipe section comprising a substantially cylindrical concrete member, a source of lubricant under pressure and means for effectin'g lubrication of the outside of said pipe comprising a threaded metal tting cast in the pipe and extending through its wall, said fitting having an aperture for the passage of lubricant from the inside of the pipe to the outside, yto, lubricate the outer surface of the pipe.

3. An apparatus for` the installation of pipe or the like comprising a supporting member for reaction of a jack, jacking means, a plurality of pipes adapted to be forced into position by said jacking means, guiding means for said pipes, a

plurality of other pipes in advance of the first.

mentioned pipes, and a tubular metal shield carried by one of said pipes and covering a gap between two successive pipes to prevent ingress of the fill duringA the step by step advance of the two pipes adjacent to said gap.

4. An apparatus for the installation of concrete pipe or the like comprising `a supporting member for reaction of a jack, jacking means, a plurality of concrete pipes adapted to be forced into position by said jacking means, guiding means forsaid pipes, a plurality of other concrete pipes in advance of the first mentioned pipes, a tubular metal shield carried by one of said pipes and covering a gap between'two successive pipes to prevent ingress of the flll during the step by step advance of the two pipes adjacent to said gap, and jacking means interposed between the two pipes adjacentsaid gap whereby the advance sections of pipe may be forced forward by reaction of the jack against the flrst mentioned pipe sections,

5. An apparatus for the installation of concrete pipe or the like comprising a supporting member for reaction of a jack, jacking means, a plurality of concrete pipes adapted to be forced into position by said jacking means, guiding means for said pipes, a` plurality of other concrete pipes in advance of 'the first mentioned pipes, a tubular metal shield carried by one of said'pipes and covering `a gap between two successive pipes to prevent ingress of the fill during the step by step advance of the two pipes adjacent to said gap, jacking/means interposed between the two pipes adjacent said gap whereby the advance sections of pipe may be forced forward by reaction of the jack against the first mentioned pipe sections, and a cutting ring comprising a member for slidably receiving the ad.- vance sections of pipe and for cutting a bore of slightly larger size than said pipe carried b the innermost pipe.

6. An apparatus for the installation of concrete pipe or the like comprising a supporting member for reaction of a jack, jacking means, a plurality of concrete pipes adapted to be forced into position by said jacking means, guiding means for said pipes, a plurality of other concrete pipes in advance of the first mentioned pipes. a. tubular metal shield carried by one of said pipes and covering a gap between two successive pipes to prevent ingress of the flll during the step by step advance of the two pipes adjacent to said gap, jacking means interposed between the two pipes adjacent said'gap whereby the advance sections of pipe may be forced forward by reaction of the jack against the first mentioned pipe sections, a cutting ring comprising a member for slidably receiving the advance sections of pipe and for cutting a bore of slightly larger size than said pipe carried by the innermost pipe, and jacking means interposed between the cutting ring and the innermost pipe section for separately advancing the cutting ring.

'7. The method of installing pipe which comprises forcing pipe into the earth while excavating from the inside of the pipe, the excavation providing a hole of larger diameter than the pipe at the advancing end of the pipe and filling the space between the hole excavated and the pipe by injection of material through the wall of the pipe after the pipe has been installed.

8. The method of installing pipe which comprises forcing pipe into the earth while excavating from the inside of the pipe, the excavation providing a hole of larger diameter than the pipe .at the advancing end of the pipe and filling the space between the hole excavated and the pipe by injection of cementitious material into the space about the pipe after the pipe has been installed, the said cementitious material setting about the outside of the pipe with the pipe in the final position of its installation.

9. A method of installing pipe which comprises forcing a cutting member longitudinally into an embankment to form an aperture for the pipe, then following said cutting member by pipe sections forced into said cutting member, and successively forcing forward said cutting member and pipe to cause the pipe to progress into the aperture in said embankment.

10. A method of installing pipe which comprises forcing a cutting member longitudinally into an embankment to form an aperture for the pipe, then following said cutting member by pipe sections forced into said cutting member, and successively forcing forward said cutting member and pipe to cause the pipe to progress into the aperture in said embankment, said pipe being of sufficient size to permit manual excavation, and excavating from the inside of said pipe and cutting member to reduce the resistance to the longitudinal movement of said cutting member and pipe.

l1. A method of installing pipe which comprises forcing a cutting member longitudinally into an embankment to form an aperture for the pipe, then following said cutting member by pipe sections forced into said cutting member and successively forcing forward said cutting member and pipe to cause the pipe to progress into the aperture in said embankment, said pipe being of sufficient size to permit manual excavation,

gitudinal movement of said cutting member and pipe, adding sections of concrete pipe and forcing said sections and cutting member step by step, said sections following said cutting member and shielding the space between successive spaced sections of pipe.

12. A method of installing pipe which comprises forcing the pipe longitudinally into an embankment, said pipe being of sufficient size for manual excavation on the inside, excavating from the interior of said pipe to form a recess for said pipe and lubricating the exterior of said pipe by forcing lubricant through an upper part in said pipe, the said lubricant running down by gravity about the outside of the pipe.

13. The method of installing long assemblies of pipe which comprises forcing a cutting and guiding shield into the earth, forcing pipe slidably into said cutting and guiding member, adding sections of pipe to form a culvert unit, forcing said culvert unit as a whole, adding succeeding sections to form a second culvert unit to be forced forward as a whole, shielding the space between said culvert units, and nally forcing said culvert units into position adjacent each other.

14. A concrete pipe apparatus for forcible installation, comprising a pipe, said pipe having a metallic cutting member located at its advancing end, annular thrust shoulders carried by said cutting member and engaging the end of said cutting pipe, means for xedly securing said cutting member to said pipe, a pivoted shoe carried by said cutting member for guiding the end of said pipe, adjusting means carried by said cutting member for determining the angularity of said shoe, and a radially extending stabilizer ting member to reduce the resistance to the lonmember carried by said pipe for preventing rotation of said pipe during installation.

15. 'A concrete pipe apparatus for forcible installation comprising a concrete pipe, said pipe having a metallic cutting member located at its advancing end, annular thrust shoulders carried by said cutting member and engaging the end of said cutting pipe, means for xedly securing said cutting member to said pipe, a pivoted shoe carried by said cutting member for guiding the end of said pipe, adjusting means carried by Said cutting member for determining the angularity of said shoe, and a radially extending stabilizer member carried by said pipe for preventing rotation of said pipe during installation, Said stabilizer comprising a metal plate pivotally mounted on said metallic cutting member, said metallic plate having a plurality of holes, and a securing member adapted to pass through any of said holes and through holes in said cutting member to secure said stabilizer in predetermined position.

16. In an apparatus for installing concrete pipe, the combination of an advancing pipe section having a forward portion of reduced diameter, a metallic shield slidably engaging about said forward portion, forcing 'means located between said cutting shield and the end of said pipe and reacting against said pipe to force said shield forward, and a secondary shield carried by the larger section of said pipe and slidably engaging the outer part of said rst-mentioned shield to prevent ingress of material between the rstmentioned shield and the pipe, said first-mentioned shield having a clearance with the reduced end of said pipe.

CHARLES GILMAN. 

